# Research Search Within Results Search Within Results search ## 5 results Show filters filter\_alt Sort by Year of PublicationAlphabetical A-Z sort ## 5 results Download 5 citations download- [BibTeX](/node/741656/export?format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/node/741656/export?format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/node/741656/export?format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/node/741656/export?format=tagged) - [Marc](/node/741656/export?format=marc) - [PubMedId](/node/741656/export?format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/node/741656/export?format=ris) ### Working Paper Katherine Irajpanah and Iris Malone. “[Signal and the Noise: Threat Assessment in Terrorism and Insurgency](/publications/signal-and-noise-threat-assessment-terrorismand-insurgency)”. In ISA (2021) and MPSA (2021) Katherine Irajpanah and Iris Malone. “[Signal and the Noise: Threat Assessment in Terrorism and Insurgency](/publications/signal-and-noise-threat-assessment-terrorismand-insurgency)”. In ISA (2021) and MPSA (2021) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract How do state officials evaluate the risk of international terrorism and insurgency? Existing explanations predict that state officials rely on observable behaviors of strength to guide threat assessments, but these indicators often serve as poor proxies... Katherine Irajpanah. “[Guns, Guerrillas, and Social Norms: Exploring Obstacles to Learning in Counterinsurgency](/publications/guns-guerrillas-and-social-norms-exploring-obstacles-learning)”. In ISA (2023) Katherine Irajpanah. “[Guns, Guerrillas, and Social Norms: Exploring Obstacles to Learning in Counterinsurgency](/publications/guns-guerrillas-and-social-norms-exploring-obstacles-learning)”. In ISA (2023) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Counterinsurgency campaigns led by foreign powers are often wrought with successive failures to adapt to threats posed by non-state adversaries. Why do policymakers face barriers to learning in counterinsurgency? I introduce a new theory of... Katherine Irajpanah. “[Power, Uncertainty, and War Duration](/publications/power-uncertainty-and-war-duration)”. In APSA (2023) Katherine Irajpanah. “[Power, Uncertainty, and War Duration](/publications/power-uncertainty-and-war-duration)”. In APSA (2023) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract This research note examines a key implication of informational theories of crisis bargaining—that asymmetric adversaries generate more uncertainty than symmetric ones—through an empirical analysis of 188 National Intelligence Estimates. Using sentiment... ### 2024 Katherine Irajpanah. 2024. “[War Power Through Restraint: The Politics of Unilateral Military Action After 1945](/publications/war-power-through-restraint-executive-legislative-relations-and-war-making)”. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 54, 2, Pp. 241-58 Katherine Irajpanah. 2024. “[War Power Through Restraint: The Politics of Unilateral Military Action After 1945](/publications/war-power-through-restraint-executive-legislative-relations-and-war-making)”. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 54, 2, Pp. 241-58 - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/psq.12869) From a historical perspective, presidents have frequently directed the use of military force without explicit permission from Congress. Yet, presidents still court legislative approval on select occasions. Why do presidents sometimes seek congressional... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/psq.12869) ### 2021 Katherine Irajpanah and Kenneth A. Schultz. 2021. “[Off the Menu: Post-1945 Norms and the End of War Declarations](/publications/menu-post-1945-norms-and-end-war-declarations)”. Security Studies, 30, 4, Pp. 485-516 Katherine Irajpanah and Kenneth A. Schultz. 2021. “[Off the Menu: Post-1945 Norms and the End of War Declarations](/publications/menu-post-1945-norms-and-end-war-declarations)”. Security Studies, 30, 4, Pp. 485-516 - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2021.1979842) Why do states no longer declare war? In a provocative analysis, Tanisha M. Fazal argues that states stopped declaring war to evade the costs of complying with the growing body of international humanitarian laws. We argue instead that post-1945 normative... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2021.1979842)